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08/03/2011: "CM trains guns on NSCN-IM over blast - Ibobi urges centre to call off peace talks with outfit OUR CORRESPONDENT TheTelegraph"

CM trains guns on NSCN-IM over blast - Ibobi urges centre to call off peace talks with outfit OUR CORRESPONDENT TheTelegraph


Children at the protest meeting at Sangakpham on Tuesday. Picture by UB Photos
Imphal, Aug. 2: Manipur chief minister Okram Ibobi Singh today labelled the National Socialist Council of Nagalim (Isak-Muivah) as anti-people and urged the Centre to revoke the peace talks, sending a strong signal in the aftermath of the Chingemirong blast.
The chief minister made the statement while meeting reporters in his office chamber on the sidelines of Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan teachers’ recruitment.
Ibobi Singh said, “We have collected enough evidence to prove that the IED blast, which left five dead and 11 injured in Sangakpham Bazar, was the handiwork of the NSCN (I-M).”
He pointed out that police investigation had found that the scooter, on which the bomb was suspected to have been planted, has a Nagaland registration number.
The chief minister said the badly mutilated body, which till yesterday was unidentified, turned out be that of an NSCN (I-M) cadre who rode the scooter. He said it was suspected that he might have had a specific target but met with a premature blast.
According to reports, the NSCN (I-M) cadre, Anthony, 27, is a resident of the Loktak area in Churachandpur district.
The chief minister also recounted several incidents involving NSCN (I-M), including attacks on autonomous district council offices at Khuman Lampak sports complex and Ukhrul district, killing of a couple in Ukhrul and ambush on MLA Wungnaoshang Keishing at Khen village in the same district, in which several security personnel were killed.
“With such heinous crimes, why shouldn’t the NSCN (I-M) be labelled as anti-people? The Union government should act and revoke the peace talks, when there are rampant violations of the peace pact,” the chief minister said.
In the meantime, the state government announced ex gratia of Rs 1 lakh for the deceased, Rs 75,000 for the permanently disabled, Rs 50,000 for the seriously injured and Rs 10,000 for those with minor injuries. The Ibobi Singh government will also bear the medical expenditure of all the injured.
The All Manipur Student’s Union has called a 12-hour general strike from 5am tomorrow protesting against the Sangakpham blast and killing of innocent persons, including two schoolgirls who were later identified as Th. Aping Devi and Philaso, both 10 years old. They were Class III students at Chingmeirong Primary School.
Residents of Sangakpham and surrounding areas converged at Sangakpham Bazar and organised a protest meeting denouncing the killings. Irrigation and flood control department minister N. Biren Singh, Manipur Peoples Party leader Nimaichand Luwang and minister Y. Irabot Singh also attended the meeting.
Designated camps is strictly for peace purpose: NSCN Khaplang
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morungexpress

DIMAPUR, JULY 31 (MExN): The NSCN Khaplang group has stated that the “People’s Army on routine duties and stationed in Nagaland particularly within various stationary/temporary designated camps is strictly for the purpose of peace and in conformity with the agreed CFGR with GOI and the COR signed by the top leaders of NSCN (K) led by SS.Khaplang, NSCN (IM) led by Isak Swu and NNC/FGN by Brig.Singya”. “Besides these three political entities the NSCN/GPRN is not aware of any group either in existence or functioning”, stated a press note from the MIP.
According to the MIP note, in light of the recent drama- “imitation of NSCN/GPRN’s image by few practical jesters”, who had taken “undue advantage of the NSCN’s courtesies extended to them by providing them the shelter in NSCN (K) Designated Camp in Khehoi and the prevailing peace-process” were now “resorting to certain manipulation by which the un-informed and innocent Nagas are being confused and mis-led”.
The NSCN Khaplang stated that its “brotherly mercy and concern extended to them in times of its survival crisis could no longer sustain their urge and penchant for rehabilitation and inclination to quick sub-standard piecemeal solution in the form of economic packages and compensations from GOI”. In this regard, it pointed out that despite various obstacles and sabotages from various elements both within and external, it would “firmly bond” “the resolve to fight for Naga Sovereignty” no matter how much or how long the battles may be fought and the battles may be lost.
“The NSCN/GPRN has also learnt to live with the lost battles on many occasions but the War/Struggle for Sovereignty shall continue undeterred”.
On the other hand, the NSCN Khaplang stated that “some disoriented Nagas choosing to act as enemy stooges and thus succumbing to enemy’s divisive policies to demoralize and weaken the NSCN/GPRN chose to create nuisances and are constantly engaged in enacting comical acts to impress its handlers and also desperately struggling to convey its existence”. “Their incessant childish and theatrically aping gangster’s armed drills, being staged somewhere in the periphery of NSCN/GPRN designated Camps has become an object of extreme ridicule and an extravagant fun”, the MIP note stated.
“As an elderly father and as Naga ourselves, we would advise Khole and Kitovi not to unnecessarily torment it’s boys, forcing them to stay away from home and family and made to sleep in thin jungles of village outskirts during these peaceful times”, it stated while adding that “being human, any Naga should not be exploited to satisfy few handful political and social outcasts trying to make their ends meet”.
Stating that except “mercenaries and bounty-hunters, the patriot Naga soldiers are normally and peacefully restricted to one’s own peaceful routine duties and formations”, it pointed out that “such cheap and senseless spectacles by imposters though insignificant to People’s Army, care should be taken not to entice or provoke the NSCN/GPRN’s intervention in the event of creating any law and order tensions”.
KPC condemns attack, robbery of journalists
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morungexpress

DIMAPUR, JULY 31 (MExN): The Kohima Press Club (KPC) has condemned the incident where two journalists from Nagaland Post where accosted by armed miscreants, robbed off their cash and belongings including mobile phones on Saturday night. In a statement, KPC President K.V.Nurumi and Vice-President Eric Machieo termed the incident as uncivilized in nature that should be condemned by all sections of the society. It expressed regret that though the media in the State functions under extreme duress with pressure from different sources, there are still some elements in the society that fail to understand the stress that media persons in the State undergo on a daily basis.
KPC has also questioned the motive behind the entire incident which involved a lady journalist, asking whether the miscreants had any pre-planned intentions to target the media or was it just a case of robbery. It however maintained that no amount of excuses can justify such an act which it termed is a direct challenge to the freedom of Press, committed by some ignorant and errant cadres of the faction as claimed by the perpetrators of the crime.
“This is not an isolated case of members of the fourth estate being targeted. There have been several incidents in the recent past where journalists have been targeted including by members of underground outfits but little or nothing has been done to ensure the security of the members of the Press community, particularly of the State, who continue to perform its duty in informing the people risking their very lives”, the KPC release stated.
KPC has therefore appealed to the law enforcing agencies in Dimapur to pursue the matter and book the culprits at the earliest and has also asked the State government to make serious efforts to ensure security to the media fraternity.
Nagaland seems the same
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John Angami


•-Almost about 8 years ago we all thought at one point of time that former Chief Minister of Nagaland SC Jamir was not a man for the Nagas. However, at this juncture Neiphiu Rio, the Chief Minister of Nagaland seems the same if not worse with the opportunity he has today.
Please look at your capital town. It’s like someone who is walking in the remote village road. It’s too dirty and one is unable to even walk and do some small shopping. We can not even dress well and go out to your town. Beside, the traffic is horrible. All the unnecessary parking blocks the road for the entire day. But Government does not care checking. I wonder how you get into your office crossing the entire town of ours. Perhaps, may be you fly to your office daily that you do not see the inconvenience face by your people who look up to you. Please do not blame the rainy season or poor public. Enough is enough.
One of your senior Minister commented, when asked by someone about the road condition. His reply was "I do not feel the road is very bad because these days we have very good vehicle that we travel daily". What a shameless comment this is.
No matter what your Government is trying to do for the Nagas else where, please help us with few things and we will not bother you at all. The first is raod, second is electricity and the third is water. At least you can do these for your people whom you promised to bring Sovereignty within three months of your Chief Minisership. Remember promise is promise. Show us you are the man of your words... God bless you.
John Angami, Kohima Town
IFOR and the Nagaland Peace Mission
By Rene Wadlow on 01 August 2011

In a recent book on peacebuilding, Thania Paffenholz sets out functions that non-governmental organizations can carry out in situations of violent conflict: protection, monitoring, advocacy, public communication, in-group socialization, social cohesion, intermediation, facilitation, and service delivery [1]. In practice, some of these functions overlap, or more than one can be carried out at the same time by the same organization. Nevertheless, a function-analytical framework can be useful for a choice of activities and for building awareness of the ways different functions interact among each other. Thus it would be useful to analyse different experiences of peacebuilding done by the International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR) and the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR, in the U.S.) and see what lessons can be learned. For an example of the monitoring of a cease-fire agreement and facilitating communication among parties it is useful to look at IFOR and the Nagaland Peace Mission.
The International Fellowship of Reconciliation’s active interest in the fate of Asia’s tribal societies began in 1964, when the Nagaland Peace Mission — led by IFOR members Jayaprakash Narayan (former Indian Congress leader and Sarvodaya worker) [2], Rev. Michael Scott (later IFOR’s U.N. representative in New York [3], and B.P. Chaliha (then Chief Minister of Assam, the Indian state in which Nagaland was found prior to the 1965 creation of new states in northeast India) — was born.
The Nagaland Peace Mission was a decade-long effort to maintain a cease-fire agreement between the Indian government and the underground Naga rebels, who wanted to create an independent country. In fact, the Nagas claimed that they were already independent — Nagaland declared independence one day before India did in 1947.
The Nagas began a freedom struggle in 1951 using the Gandhian tactics of civil disobedience. Led by Angami Zapu Phizo, tribal people refused to sell food and other supplies to the Indian military and police. Teachers and children withdrew from schools and village headmen resigned their jobs. Angami Phizo had earlier been willing to use violence since he had fought the English with the Japanese-backed Indian National Army of Subhash Chandra Bose in 1944. However, he became convinced of the effectiveness of the nonviolent techniques of Mahatma Gandhi, and for five years the Naga struggle for independence was largely based on Gandhian methods.
The nonviolent protests came to an end in 1956 when a Naga army was created. The Japanese advance into India from Burma during World War II was stopped in Nagaland and many weapons were left over. Weapons were later received from China and Pakistan. Consequently, the Indian military moved into Nagaland. Repeated accusations of human rights violations were made against the Indian army.
There are some one-and-a-half million Nagas, evenly divided between India and Burma. Some 90 percent of the Nagas are Baptist Christians (although traditional religious ideas about the soul and contact with the ancestors continue) — the result of a century of American Baptist missionary work.The joke was that there was a higher percentage of Baptists in Nagaland than in Mississippi. “Nagaland for Christ” was the battle cry of the Naga insurgency.
In order to weaken the Naga Baptist leadership and to eliminate independent observers, the Indian government expelled all Baptist missionaries in 1955. The missionaries were blamed for abetting “a foreign conspiracy to separate the Naga Hills from India and retain it as an imperialist stronghold.” India has persistent fears of foreign manipulation behind all moves for secession or greater autonomy, as can be seen today concerning Kashmir and Punjab.
Such fears are not groundless. In northeast India, the fears were reinforced by the 1962 Chinese attack which reached the Assam foothills. As the Nagas and most other northeastern tribal societies are of Mongol stock and speak Tibeto-Burmese languages, the Indian government fears a ‘Pan-Mongol’ movement under Chinese influence. The Indian government has encouraged (or not prevented) Indians from other areas to settle in the northeast. This has been especially true for the Bengalis, who started coming in the 1930s, and has now escalated into a larger, illegal migration of Bengalis from Bangladesh looking for land and economic opportunities. Nagas and other tribal people feel that they are becoming minorities in their own land.
Tensions over the administrative divisions of India have existed since Independence and had grown to be an important national issue by 1964. Thus there was an effort to reorganize India into states according to linguistic lines. Northeast India which had been only the state of Assam was divided into Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram and Arunachai Pradesh. The Indian government hoped that by creating linguistically-based states, local aspirations could be linked to the wider structures and goals of a national government.
The creation of a Nagaland state within the Indian federation divided Naga opinion. Some leaders were willing to go along with the new structure. Other leaders, including Phizo, considered the new Nagaland government an Indian puppet and continued working for a totally independent country.
The Nagaland Peace Mission members had been concerned about the tensions for some time. In 1958, Rev. Scott, who had contacts with the Indian government because of his support for Indian civil liberties in South Africa, had discussed the Nagaland question with Indian leaders. Gandhians in India were increasingly concerned by the violence. By 1964, enough contacts had been made between underground armed leaders, Baptist Church authorities, and Indian government leaders to propose and have a cease-fire accepted.
Much of the Peace Mission’s work consisted of Peace Observers teams, which included Gandhian peaceworkers such as Marjorie Sykes, a long-time close worker with Mahatma Gandhi and military representatives from each side. The Peace Observers’ job was to investigate complaints from either party about cease-fire violations. They also tried to promote a peaceful atmosphere. At the same time, work was undertaken to deal with the root causes of the tensions: poverty, ethnic-cultural differences and too little local political power [4].
J.P. Narayan played a role as an active mediator, but stressed the Indian Congress position that Nagaland needed to remain within the Indian federal unioin; “Within the broad limits of the Union of India,” he said, “it is possible to negotiate any special kind of relationship.” Just prior to Indian Independence, Prime Minister Nehru had told Naga leader Phizo that “We can give you complete autonomy but never independence. You can never hope to be independent. We will use all our influence and power to suppress such tendencies.”
By early 1996, Indira Gandhi became the Indian Prime Minister and began centralizing the government. In May 1966, Rev. Scott was deported from India and all his papers seized. The Nagaland Peace Mission came to a formal end, although peace work was carried on by Gandhian Indians and Baptist Church authorities under the name of the Naga Peace Council.
After 1966, the Indian government followed a two-track policy. One track was to stress autonomous institutions and development; the other track was to increase the activities of the Indian army and the police. Thus, Nagaland has democratic institutions with an elected state legislature and representatives in the Indian Parliament in New Delhi. Large sums of development funds come from the central government, which has led to the creation of an urban middle class which sees benefits in remaining part of India. A 2005 study by the United Nations stressed the great strides in education, health, and income — all of which are higher than the overall Indian average. At the same time, there was a heavy Indian army presence in Nagaland. Under the Armed Forces Special Powers Act, the army was allowed to arrest on suspicion and without a warrant and to shoot to kill.
With Nagaland under close control of the Indian army, the armed Naga resistance moved across the frontier to the Naga area of Burma from where it would make cross-border raids into India while also fighting the Burmese government. In Burma, the Naga resistance movement took the name of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland —Isak-Muival after the name of its two leaders Isak Swu and Thuingaleng Muival. The Burma-based insurgency was too weak to modify the structures of Nagaland, but they were able to create a climate of insecurity. There was also a steady flow of small arms coming through Burma to Nagaland, and from there to other armed movements in northeast India. In addition, there was a flow of narcotics coming from the ‘Golden Triangle’ of Burma to Nagaland and then to other parts of India and abroad. Always on the trails of narcotics flows, one finds violence as criminal gangs try to control the flow or to get a “cut of the business.”
The situation was largely stalemated for nearly two decades of 1970s and 1980s, and there were no fruitful contacts between the Naga insurgency and the Indian authorities. In 1996, I was asked if I would sponsor a representative of the Naga insurgency to come to Geneva to lobby at the United Nations as I had already done with the Burmese national minorities and representatives of the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh which also had an armed insurgency.
Such sponsorship poses at least three issues. One is to request a visa from the Swiss government on their behalf. I am a U.S. citizen and the headquarters of the Association of World Citizens is in California, so one must ‘play fair’ with the Swiss authorities.
A second issue is working with armed insurgencies while not justifying the use of armed violence. My position has always been that the insurgency did not ask my advice before starting. Thus my role is to see if there are some possibilities for a peaceful settlement.
The third issue is that I do not have any real control over the person coming and especially over other contacts that he may make while in Geneva. These are battle-hardened individuals who are used to dealing in life-and-death situations. Geneva has always been a city for arms deals although the arms are not located in Geneva. It is also a city where many political meetings are held in the shadows among people who can not be seen meeting elsewhere.
Thus in 1996, the leader of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland was with me for a week of meetings during the U.N. Commission on Human Rights. I helped set up meetings with Asian government diplomats and with NGO representatives. I tried to create a meeting between the Deputy Representative of India and the Naga leader. The Indian government representative, whom I knew fairly well, explained that just a few days before the Naga insurgency had killed three policemen and that he could not meet with a person who ordered the killing of the police. I said that I understood his position, and added, however, in my conversations with the Naga leader, I had the impression that some sort of an agreement might be reached. It was just a feeling; I was passing on no specific offer.
Other behind-the-scene negotiations must have gone on because less than a year later in 1997, there was a meeting in Zurich between the leader who had been with me and the Indian ambassador. A cease-fire was negotiated which has been renewed periodically since.
All has not become calm in Nagaland. There have been deep divisions among the Naga on tribal lines, and there have been fratricidal ‘turf wars’ along with extortion as ‘taxes’ to different armed groups. The arms have been less used, but they have not been collected either. There remains a constant flow of arms through Nagaland coming from China through Burma and Bangladesh. The narcotics flow has lessened as Afghanistan has largely replaced the ‘Golden Triangle’ as the home of opium production, but narcotics-based violence still continues.
There has been created a Naga Reconciliation Forum of local community groups. Some international mediation work would still be needed to strengthen the Forum. It would be useful for some FOR members to check with U.S. Baptist groups to see if any contacts have been re-established and if anything useful can be done by those outside to help in the reconciliation process in Nagaland.
The Nagaland Peace Mission is a good example of nonviolent monitoring and can be cited as a precedent when other such opportunities arise. It is also an example of the need to be able to field teams of experienced people over a long period of time and of the dangers of the banning of foreign members of such a team.
Rene Wadlow, a member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, is representative to the United Nations, Geneva, of the Association of World Citizens. He lives in Gravieres, France.
Footnotes:
1. Thania Paffenholz (Ed).Civil Society and Peacebuilding (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2010, 511pp.).
2. For a good portrait of Jayaprakesh Narayan (1902-1979) see Bimal Prasad Gandhi, Nehru and J.P.: Studies in Leadership (Delhi: Chanakya Publications, 1985, 294pp.).
3. For a moving account of his work in South Africa see Michael Scott A Time to Speak (London: Faber and Faber, 1958, 365pp.).
4. For a short description of the Nagaland Peace Mission see the article by a chief actor M. Aram “Peace in Nagaland” in A. Paul Hare and Herbert H. Blumberg (eds.) Liberation without Violence: A Third Party Approach (London: Rex Collings, 1977, 368pp.).
Locator Map of the “Seven Sister States and Sikkim in India” by Jeroen, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.
Special package likely for Naga-inhabited areas in NE R Dutta Choudhury (The Assam Tribune)
GUWAHATI, – The Government of India is planning to offer a special development package for the Naga inhabited areas in the North East and will persuade militant outfit NSCN (I-M) to accept it. On the other hand, the militant outfit has coined a new term "shared sovereignty" and discussions are going on in this regard. Highly placed official sources in New Delhi told The Assam Tribune that though talks with the NSCN (I-M) have been going on since 1997, it would take some more time before any formal agreement is signed.
Sources said that the Government of India rejected the demand for sovereignty by the militant outfit and the possibility of integration of the Naga inhabited areas has also been rejected as the concerned State Governments have strongly opposed it. The NSCN's demand for a separate flag and constitution have also been rejected by the Government of India.
Sources revealed that though some differences between the Government and the NSCN still persist, the talks are going on in the right direction and leaders of the militant outfit have started using Indian passport, which can be termed as a positive sign. Sources said that the NSCN leadership is now demanding "shared sovereignty" but the new term has not yet been described properly. In federal structure, the Centre has very little role to play on the subjects included in the state list and even that can be termed as shared sovereignty, sources pointed out.
Giving details of the Government's plan for a special package for development of the Naga inhabited areas, sources said that though the package is yet to be finalized, it is clear that the package would be implemented through the respective state governments. However, before announcing such a package, the Government of India will take the views of the respective state governments.
The NSCN leaders further demanded that no non-Naga should be allowed to acquire properties in the Naga inhabited areas of Manipur and the issue is yet to be resolved.
As the traditional village councils are considered very powerful bodies in Nagaland, the Government of India is also planning to take the views of the councils under consideration before signing any formal agreement with the leaders of the NSCN.
Meanwhile, with the discussions between the Government and NSCN coming towards a logical conclusion, both sides have also started the process of discussing the issue of rehabilitation of the cadres of the outfit. The Government of India has made it clear that the NSCN cadres, who are eligible, can be appointed in the Central paramilitary forces. On the other hand, the NSCN leaders are more interested in creation of a separate battalion of Nagaland police with the members of the outfit and official sources said that the Centre would have no objection to opening of a new battalion of the state police force.