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01/11/2006: "NSCN (K) food for Myanmar’s weapons"

NSCN (K) food for Myanmar’s weapons Karaiba Chawang The Morung Express
The joint military operations of India and Myanmar against the northeast insurgent groups, especially the NSCN-K, hiding in the Myanmar jungles along the international border is heading for a serious set back as the Myanmarese army conduct flushing-out operations in exchange of arms and ammunition for foodstuff.
Sources said despite the launching of heavy operations by the joint force of India and Myanmar against them (NSCN-K), the northeast insurgent groups, especially the Nagas, are benefited by the operation in terms of arms and ammunition.
Harsh conditions along the international border make the Myanmar army vulnerable to such barter system as their communist government often fails to deliver them food and other essentials commodities in time due to inaccessible thick jungles and rugged terrain.
NSCN-K said though they have already suffered heavy casualties by the operations, they are profited on the other hand as the Myanmar army often comes for operations on bare foot, and without proper clothing and other items needed for warfare.
Food is so dear in the jungles that the Myanmar army don’t hesitate to exchange even sophisticated weapons like rocket launchers, radio sets, bomb, etc for food, said the NSCN-K cadres.
“Scarcity of food in the border is the main hurdles in flushing out the insurgent groups”, said Joseph Sumi, NSCN-K Defence Secretary. He said that they often lured the Myanmar army to surrender their arms and ammunition with food and clothes, to which the latter consented to readily.
The army not only suffers on the war front, but even at home, hardship dogs them. Their salaries are very low because of Myanmar’s poor economy, besides other facilities that the army requires. Above all, the military government makes their life tough.
When compared to Indian currency, the Myanmar soldier gets only a meager sum of Rs 300 as salaries, the source said.
However, NSCN-K cadres, who had experienced the Myanmarese jungle, disclosed that the junta is quite sturdy and skilled in guerilla warfare. They can move anywhere, even if there is no road, said one cadre.
Often, due to short supply of food, the operations are curtailed. When the junta could not meet their journey with hunger, they compromise their arms and ammunitions for food.
NSCN-K source also said that they kept food ready for such opportunities, and after the bargains are settled, they supply food to the famished army in exchange for arms.
Naga rebels kill seven Myanmarese soldiers in gunfight By Syed Zarir Hussain, Indo-Asian News Service
Guwahati, Jan 10 (IANS) Tribal separatists of Nagaland state in India's northeast Tuesday claimed to have killed seven Myanmarese soldiers while losing three guerrillas in a heavy gun battle in Myanmar.
A spokesman of the S.S. Khaplang faction of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-K) said fighting broke out Saturday between the guerrillas and soldiers of the junta in a thickly forested area of Myanmar's northern Sagaing Division.
'We have killed seven Myanmarese army soldiers in the gunfight. Three of our guerrilla fighters were also shot dead in the fight that is still continuing inside Myanmar,' a senior NSCN-K leader told IANS by telephone from somewhere close to the India-Myanmar border.
The NSCN-K is an influential rebel group fighting for an independent tribal homeland in the northeast.
The NSCN (K) has at least 50 camps with some 7,000 rebels entrenched in fortified bunkers in Myanmar. 'The soldiers overran one of our key bases in the area and seized a number of small weapons, ammunition, and other important documents from the camp,' the rebel leader said.
'Our leader Khaplang is very much safe.'
Myanmar launched a massive military offensive backed by a brigade of about 3,500 soldiers in December to evict Indian separatists based in Sagaing Division.
The NSCN-K had claimed to have lost three of their cadres in the first round of military assault last month, besides two of their camps being demolished by advancing soldiers.
'They had also captured three of our leaders in a raid last month. We do not know if they are dead or alive,' Mualtonu said.
There is no independent confirmation of the clashes from the Myanmarese authorities.
At least four other militant groups from India's northeast, where numerous tribal and ethnic groups are fighting for greater autonomy or independence, have training camps in northern Myanmar's thick jungles - all of them sheltered there under the patronage of the NSCN-K.
Prominent among the Indian rebel armies operating out of Myanmar include the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA), the United National Liberation Front (UNLF), the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and the People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK).
The NSCN's Khaplang faction has been observing a ceasefire with New Delhi since 2001 although peace talks are yet to begin.
Myanmar in January last year killed at least 20 Indian rebels, most of them from the NSCN-K, in a similar military offensive in the same area. Myanmar had repeatedly assured New Delhi that the junta would not let Indian rebels operate from its soil.
The first time Myanmar launched a military operation against the Indian rebels was in 2000 when at least a dozen separatists were killed. There were similar operations last year as well.
India and Myanmar share a 1,640-km unfenced border, allowing militants from the northeast to use the adjoining country as a springboard to carry out hit-and-run guerrilla strikes on federal soldiers.
The rebels say they are seeking to protect their ethnic identities and allege the union government has exploited the resources in this mineral, tea, timber, and oil-rich region.
More than 50,000 people have lost their lives to insurgency in the northeast since India's independence in 1947.
Bodies condemn factional feuds Source: The Sangai Express
Imphal, January 10: The Zeliangrong Union, All Zeliangrong Students' Union and Zeliangrong Youth Front of Assam, Manipur & Nagaland and Zeliangrong Students' Union Manipur deplored breach of peace as a consequence of the recent factional gun-fights at Makhom (Marangjing) village in Longmai area of Tamenglong district.

A joint statement issued by the zeliangrong bodies said “It is against the fervent appeals made by various Zeliangrong social organisations and village leaders that NSCN (IM) attacked the camp of NSCN (K) on January 6.” They also contended that authorities of both the NSCN factions had been already intimated to refrain from attacking each others camp and recalled of a peace and harmony meeting on January 4 adopting resolutions pertaining to urging both parties strive for promoting peace in Zeliangrong region besides unanimity among the participants to constitute a peace committee as well as apprising Central Government authorities to implement development projects.

Expressing awe on NSCN (IM) declaring Tamenglong district as 'disturbed area' and consequently resorting to violent conducts, the bodies also conveyed its helplessness to convince nationalist organisations but nevertheless observed that further bloodshed would impede honourable solution to the decades old Naga problem.

As it is the prerogative of armed outfits concerned whether to honour and understand the people's appeal and plight ZU, ZYF, AZSU and ZSUM clarify that any faction including the NSCN (K) should not cast doubt and suspicion against Zeliangrong organisations as rival factions seldom reciprocate positively to appeals or MoUs reached in the past, the joint statement said.
Assam journalist's 'murder' evokes international condemnation By Indo Asian News Service
Guwahati, Jan 10 (IANS) The death of a young journalist last week in Assam, allegedly murdered for writing a series of stories exposing corruption by a forest warden, has evoked condemnation by an international media rights group.
Prahlad Goala, 32, a journalist working for the Asomiya Khabar, a leading Assamese daily, was found dead Friday night on a highway near his home in eastern Assam's Golaghat district, about 300 km from Guwahati.
Preliminary reports indicated he was killed in a road accident with his motorbike lying close to the body although the vehicle that hit him managed to escape.
'The road was deserted at that time and nobody saw the accident,' said Atanu Bhuyan, editor of the Asomiya Khabar.
Police on investigations found his motorbike was probably first hit by a vehicle and then he was beaten to death with sharp weapons.
Family members of Goala said he had received threatening calls from a local forest ranger for publishing a series of reports exposing his nexus with timber smugglers.
'We are sure the forest ranger has masterminded the killing and we have formally lodged a complaint with the police,' Bhuyan said. Police arrested the ranger earlier this week.
The Paris-based Reporters sans Frontieres (RSF), an international media rights organisation, Tuesday condemned the killing and said Goala was the first journalist to be killed anywhere in the world in 2006.
'The murder of this young Indian reporter is a tragic reminder that it is still dangerous to practise investigative journalism in some Indian states,' the RSF said in a statement.
'We want the authorities to ensure that both the instigator and perpetrators are brought to justice,' it said.
Journalists in Assam have also strongly condemned the incident and urged the authorities to punish the guilty.
Goala is survived by his wife and a 14-month-old daughter.

Insurgent killed in encounter in interior Manipur Assam Tribune
IMPHAL, Jan 10 – An insurgent of United National Liberation Front (UNLF) was killed in an encounter with central paramilitary forces in interior Thoubal district of Manipur today, official sources said.

Acting on a tip-off, Assam Rifles personnel of 33rd battalion surrounded some suspected areas near Khubok village, about 75 kms from here, this morning and launched a search operation, they said.

They were fired upon by insurgents and in the encounter a UNLF member was killed, the sources said adding one 9mm pistol with some rounds of ammunition were recovered from the spot.

Some UNLF members reportedly escaped during the encounter, sources said adding that the body has been sent to Regional Institute of Medical Science hospital for post-mortem.

In another incident, a Christian pastor was shot in his leg by unidentified gunmen at Moreh town in Chandel district bordering Myanmar this morning.

Reports said gunmen abducted two persons including the pastor this morning. While the pastor was shot at his leg, the other was freed without any harm, reports said.

The motive behind the incident was not immediately known but official sources in Moreh said the gunmen might have taken the pastor as working for some intelligence agencies. No individual or organisation has claimed responsibility for the crime.

Myanmar refuses gas supply to India Assam Tribune
NEW DELHI, Jan 10 – In a major blow to India’s effort to secure its energy needs through transnational pipelines, Myanmar has refused to supply natural gas to New Delhi and instead preferred doing business with China, reports PTI. After beating Indian firms in overseas oil field acquisitions on three occasions in the last five months, Hong Kong-listed PetroChina has inked an agreement to purchase gas from A1 Block in Bay of Bengal. “Ajay Tyagi, Joint Secretary (Gas), Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas had to cut short his trip and return back after Myanmarese authorities said they had tied up gas sales with China,” an industry official said.

India has been pursuing gas imports from Iran, Myanmar and Turkmenistan via transnational gas pipelines to meet the growing energy needs as domestic production barely meets half of its requirement. Sources said Tyagi, who returned from Yangon today, was informed that Myanmar Energy Ministry signed an MoU with PetroChina on December 7 for sale of 6.5 trillion cubic feet of gas from Block A-1 reserve over 30 years.

No one from Petroleum Ministry was available for comments. A-1 block has South Korea’s Daewoo as the operator and India’s ONGC Videsh Ltd (20 per cent) and GAIL (10 per cent) as its partners.

India had proposed to build a one-billion dollar 290-km trunk line from west coast of Myanmar to West Bengal via Bangladesh for importing gas from the A-1 block and possible reserves in the adjacent A-3 block. OVL and GAIL hold 30 per cent stake in A-3 block as well.

New Delhi had also planned to use the Myanmar-Bangladesh- India pipeline to bring stranded gas in the NE to consumption centres.

Coming together to combat narco-menace in S-E Asia
Rajesh Sinha Wednesday, January 11, 2006 00:15 IST DNA Indi

NEW DELHI: Victims of illegal narcotic trade, five countries — some producing the raw material, others the various drugs from them—are meeting for the third time to take forward measures for mutual cooperation to fight the menace.
Called the third senior officials meeting (SOM) of the Penta-lateral Cooperation on Drug Control, the conference that begins here on Wednesday will have representatives of China, India, Myanmar, Lao PDR and Thailand. "The Penta-lateral Cooperation underlines the need for identifying issues of concern for the region and ensuring multilateral cooperation to overcome the problems," said a spokesman of Narcotics Control Bureau.
For India, the problem of narcotics trade from across the border is aggravated by insurgent groups resorting to it as a prime source of finances.
Poppy grown on the Indian side of the border is transported into Myanmar for refining and the refined heroin either finds its way to Thailand or is routed back into the Indian states of Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya. In the Northeast, the narcotics trade and insurgency are close allies with insurgents selling heroin to procure arms. The losers are the law and order process, thousands of Burmese refugees and thousands of addicted youth in the north-east Indian states.
In the earlier meetings, the countries involved have agreed to unite and block trafficking routes found in Thailand, while preventing the smuggling of precursor chemicals from China and India via Thailand and Laos to drug refineries in Myanmar.
The first meeting was held in July 2003 at Chiang Rai, Thailand and this included a ministerial segment in which India was represented by I D Swamy, the then Minister of State (Home).
In the meeting, the 'Chiang Rai Declaration' was signed by the Ministers of the Member countries, including India.
The declaration highlights the decision of the signatory countries to further strengthen their cooperation at the operational and expert levels, within the existing drug control cooperation mechanisms, to conduct substantive cooperation and to provide mutual assistance and support in drug preventive education, law enforcement, information exchange, treatment and rehabilitation, precursor and essential chemical control and sustainable alternative development.
The 2nd Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) was held at Pattaya, Thailand in April 2004. Among the decisions taken in the meeting were measures to control precursor chemicals, dismantling major international syndicates involved in diversion of ephedrine etc.
Eid-ul-Zuha celebrated in Nagaland New Kerala
Kohima: Eid-ul Zuha was celebrated today throughout Nagaland with traditional gaiety.

The main function was held at the Assam Rifles ground where over 5000 devotees assembled for the mass prayer.

The mass prayer was conducted by Moulana Badrudduja Qasimi.

Similar function were also reported in Dimapur where over 8000 devotees assembled for the mass prayer.

Reports of such mass prayer were also pouring in from all the district headquarters of the state.
‘Meitei ultras active in Cachar-Manipur border’ From our Correspondent Sentinel
SILCHAR, Jan 10: The Cachar-based unit of All Assam Bengali Youth Students’ Federation (AABYSF), in a recent memorandum to Shivraj Patil, Union Home Minister, has alleged free run of the Meitei insurgents in Cachar-Manipur border areas who are involved in reckless extortions, abductions for ransom, tortures of and even killing of peace-loving people.
The memorandum signed jointly by Biswajit Bhattacharjee, president and Samiran Chowdhury, general secretary of the Federation, says that the various Manipur-based extremist groups "are gaining in strength and power as their coffers are being filled with two per cent of the salary of the State Government employees and around 30 to 60 per cent of the Central funds meant for development projects."
The Manipur People’s Liberation Front, a conglomerate of the PLA, the UNLF, the KYKL and the Prepak, has taken control of the entire Jiribam subdivision after the departure of NSCN(IM) from the areas in 2001 and thereafter unleashed a reign of terror and forced the Bengali Hindus of Durgapur, Madhupur, Harinagar and other villages to desert their hearths and homes, the memorandum points out.
This ethnic cleansing has been done with a design to settle Bangladeshis in those places where, it pinpoints, clandestine gun-making units and training camps have come up for young recruits who are "being trained by Pan Islamic ISI backed experts."
Despite repeated memoranda to the Centre and the States of Manipur and Assam to take back the refugees and oust the insurgents and their emotional bases, nothing has been done. During the last fortnight, three persons, including a forest guard identified as Lalit Choudhury were brutally killed by the ultras, it further adds.
In the end part of October last, the Indian Army did dismantle the insurgent camps in the Jakuradhor area, forcing the militants to escape to the forested up Thiempan side. But with emotional bases undisturbed, the Meitei rebels continue to sustain their hold in the area. Quoting Intelligence sources, the memorandum reveals the extremists groups are now encamped at Hmarbeel, Taithu, Maulien, Tulbhung and Garlon.
The Army operation brought in a group of human rights activists from Imphal who along with the extremists accused the security forces of committing atrocities on common people, which were stoutly refuted by the Army. The memorandum asks, "Where were the human rights activists when the extremists committed atrocities on Bengalis?"
In view of the highly volatile situation, the Union Home Ministry has been impressed upon the set up permanent Army post in Jiribam, repatriation of the refugees evicted by the extremists, issue of photo identity cards to the Indian citizens on the basis of voters’ lists in order to detect and deport the Bangladeshis and to seal Bangladesh border to prevent the movement of terrorists.
A trip to less trodden road: Purul sub-division By RB Thohe Pou Sangai Express
In this modern era who would like to travel 5-10 hours on foot? Do you believe that most of the villages in Purul Sub-division, Senapati District, Manipur still travel 5-10 hours on foot to catch the Bus from the nearest village bus station or from NH39? Even if you believe this fact – you need to travel on foot to these villages to feel the reality in your heart as you burn your feet and ache your entire body. The Purul Sub-division in Senapati District is dominated by Poumai Naga tribe with one of the highest population growth rate in India. There are 60 revenue villages and about 40% of the total villages have not Jeepable road during rainy season.
Recently a friend of mine – name John Basho Pou, a Journalist – who loves to preserve the rich traditional culture and an enthusiastic explorer to new places – took a trip together to the eastern parts of Poumai Naga dominated areas to see the ground reality of these villages. For the first time – the Bus commenced to ply from Senapati Headquarters to Lakhamai village in 2004. However till today, no Jeep or Tata Sumo is pliable during the rainy season. Most of the village in Chiliive circle (Purul Sub-division) are located around 60-70 Kms away from Senapati Head quarter. In 1990s people travelled on foot around 14-16 hours to catch the Bus from NH-39 at Maram Bazar. Just ponder how the villagers from Songdo, Thiwa, Ngari, Khongdei, Kodom, Ngamju etc still travel around 6-8 hours on foot to catch the Bus from the nearest village Bus station (Purul village).
As there is no Bus service from Senapati to Sirong village, which is one of the main village to reach the other villages. We took a Tata Sumo from Senapati and went to Sirong village (original village of NSCN leader Muivah, before migrated to Ukhrul District). We were excited as we reached Sirong village since we’ve never been to this circle also we are going to travel on foot and encounter the ground reality. From Sirong village – we went on foot to Khongdei (Dumai) village, which took around two and half hours. The kutcha road is small and copious with bushes; it is also sloping steep from Sirong to Iril River and from Iril River to Khondei village. From Khongdei village, we went on foot to Kodom Khavii, Kodom Khullen, Lakhamai and back to Sirong village. However we are regretted for we could not go to Songdo village (Poumai indigenous salt producing village) and other villages like, Thiwa, Ngari village etc due to rain and exhaustion. As we travelled in the wilderness – we heard the sweet song of Cicada, birds and other wild animals. If John Keats or Alfred Tennyson or any poet would have travel on this less travel road – they would have composed a beautiful poem. However we had recorded only the sweet song of Cicada in my friend’s type recorder as a memento of our trip to less trodden road.
The Bus ply in the Kutcha Road from Maram Bazar (NH39) to Purul village is in a pathetic condition forget about plying the buses after Purul village. In this computer era – when people possess their own helicopter and Mercedes – some of the villagers in Chiliive circle have not even seen the Bus – forget about travelling by Bus from their villages to District Head- quarter.
As we talked to the village authorities (Gaon- boras) and asked about their problem – the villagers are crying for help to construct the bus pliable road linking to their villages from Senapati Headquarters. It seems the villages in this areas are the forgotten villages in Manipur. In this less or less trodden road - how many politicians, political leaders, NGOs, Government Officers etc have travel on foot to these villages? Who dare to travel on foot to see the ground reality or have the patient to listen to the grievances of these villagers? In this less educated villages – who will voice their grievances in local or national newspaper? This year there was an epidemic occurred in some villages but it was reported very late to the concern officers. There was also drought in some villages in this area but only God knows and who else will know. There is Primary Health Sub-Centre in some villages but there is no Doctor or Nurse. Due to road transportation and communication problems – many villagers also died every year as they cannot take the sick people to the district hospitable.
The newly constructing road from Senapati Head- quarter to Phaibung village is going to pass through many villages in this areas but only God knows when it will be completed and ply the bus. If the present constructing road is successful – it would ease the problem of travelling on foot on this areas. Not only ease the problem of travelling on foot but it would also boost their economic life as there is great potentiality of truck farming in these villages.
Once the road transportation is improved and commence the truck farming in these villages – it would be a great help to many people in Imphal, Senapati, Kohima and Dimapur to get fresh vegetables in abundant. Vegetables farming is possible to carry out in some villages in Mao-Maram and Paomata Sub-division as there is better road transportation and marketing facilities. Once the Mao’s potatoes, cabbage, plum etc were very popular in Manipur and Nagaland due to high quality and cheap availability. But today the Poumai’s potatoes and cabbages are becoming more popular in Imphal, Senapati, Kohima and Dimapur as the farmers do not use the chemical fertilizers and it is cheaply available with high quality.
In Paomata sub-division a village name Tungjoy is very famous of cabbage cultivation. On an average they earned around 40-50 thousand rupees per year from cabbage cultivation. The Poumai Naga tribe has one of the biggest cultivable farm land in Senapati District and there is great potential to do truck farming both in Paomata and Purul Sub-division once there is good road transportation and communication facilities.
In conclusion, I would like to suggest many things to be done for these poor villages like construction of road, regular electricity, medical facilities, educational institution etc. However the present urgent need is to have good road transportation. Therefore I would like to request and suggest the Government of Manipur, local politicians, political leaders, Poumai Masou Me (Poumai Naga Union), Poumai Tsiidoumai Me (Poumai Students Union) and the public leaders to seriously consider the urgent need of these villages and construct the bus pliable road.
As I mentioned above – once there is good road transportation in these areas, there will surplus fresh vegetables in Imphal, Senapati, Kohima and Dimapur through out the year, which will be a great benefit to these villagers and to the people in the periphery villages and towns.

The changing counter-insurgency environment in Manipur
By R.S. Jassal Sangai Express (Contd from previous issue)
They are now resorting to many a means to tarnish SF in Govt. image, trying to terrorize the people by beating them and closing shops forcibly. They have even prevented youths recruited in the villages by the SF from joining training. In a recent incident one militant group picked up two Muslim youths from Lilong village and shot them dead near Umathel.
The large number of UG groups existing in Manipur and their extortion demands have made the people realize that most of them are deviating from main aim. They are also finding it difficult to recruit cadres for their groups as the youths of Manipur appear to be not interested in joining the UG groups as they realize the futility of this course of action. Most UG groups are now basically into extortion from shops, businessmen and on occasions waylay buses and taxis to loot money in the name of important insurgent groups. In any case most of the younger cadres in the faction are doing this only because they have nothing else to do. In a way insurgency has became a cottage industry in Manipur which belies the efforts of genuine groups with set political independence to hold territorial integrity which stands threatened by NSCN (IM) demand of creating Nagalim.
There are numerous reports of inter-factional clashes taking place within UG groups for reasons like sharing of tax/booty money or settling jurisdiction over area of tax collection. On 07th Sep an inter factional clash between cadres of PREPAK at Nongmaikhong resulted in death of one of the activist of the rival group speaks loudly of the situation.
The execution of Henry, an activist of PREPAK involved in the murder of Poonam of Nongmaikhong by his own group and the subsequent denial by the group that he was ever an active member of their group also proves tenous situation.
The recent incident wherein two activists of KCP were executed by UNLF, on charges of extortion and harassing innocent civilians only further leads to searching assumptions.
The undecided case of death of Manipur daughter Lungnila Elizabeth which created State wide spontaneous sympathy for the up coming star of a state is a puzzle.
Three agencies are involved in apprehending involved persons - a UG group - Meira Paibis and civil police, the culprit yet landed in NSCN(IM) net & yet no clue of motive of murder forget about justice.
Manipur today is at the cross roads of its political and cultural identity as homogeneous pride of earlier Princely State stands caught in differing ideologies. Cultural in the sense of maintaining Hills & Valley unity and now the general public has started feeling that they have reached plateau in this field.
The SF's have now reassigned for them a supportive role to the State Govt. to bring normalcy back in Manipur. The SF’s will have to continue to provide environmental security so that the state machinery can progress the peace process forward in the manner which GOI desires, with UNLF too.
Winning hearts and minds was always a part of counter insurgency operations. Earlier it was a secondary task but now under the changed CI environment in Manipur this facet of Counter Insurgency operation has become more pronounced hence more time and effort is invested in civic action projects than actual operations. The SF's have become a development agency for Manipur rather than a force to be feared. I wonder why abnormal increase in IED blasts in the state, and the surreptitious sneaking of a third major force close from the neighbouring nation (Bangladesh) in shape of illegal migrants is not catching up with any individual may be - intellectual, governmental, or revolutionary or student body.
Are we not wise to read through the lines of important national dailies warning us about violence launched by Islamic Fundamentalists in Bangladesh and internationally? Are we not aware of the mess Dimapur, Mokokchung (Nagaland) have landed in due to influence of Bangladeshi nationals? Do we think we Manipuris can guard our integrity, national security, if we keep fighting amongst ourselves? It is time to wake up! & security forces also need to ensure maximum trigger and baton control over innocents as times and again resorting to settling of issues in dispute on local customs may land them deep into disrepute.
CI environs sometimes missing a real kill at cost of saving lives & properties of the innocents not involved in the conflict do pay better dividends at some stage or the other. It is tried out fact and good future asset of winning public support in today’s hazy & confused situation where every act of SF’s is under human rights activists scan without daring to raise finger at UG atrocities.
— Concluded